What is the role of rapid cranial ultrasound for preterm infants?

• A. Screen for IVH and ventricle abnormalities; track progression or resolution.
• B. Screen for brain tumors.
• C. Determine gestational age precisely.
• D. Replace MRI for all brain imaging.

Answer: (D)

Rapid cranial ultrasound in preterm infants is used primarily as a bedside screen for intraventricular hemorrhage and ventricular abnormalities, and to track progression or resolution of these findings over time. It’s quick, noninvasive, and can be repeated serially to detect early IVH, monitor hydrocephalus, and guide further imaging or intervention without moving the infant for more complex studies. It’s not intended to screen for brain tumors, and it doesn’t determine gestational age precisely. It also does not replace MRI for all brain imaging, because MRI provides more detailed evaluation of brain parenchyma and subtle lesions that ultrasound may miss. Limitations include operator dependence and variable acoustic windows, which can affect image quality.